James Likelihood, the singer, saxophonist and composer who melded punk, funk and free jazz into bristling dance music because the chief of the Contortions, died on Tuesday in Manhattan. He was 71.
His brother, David Siegfried, stated Mr. Likelihood had been in declining well being for years and succumbed to issues of gastrointestinal illness on the Terence Cardinal Cooke Well being Care Middle in East Harlem.
Throughout the late Nineteen Seventies explosion of punk tradition in New York Metropolis, the Contortions have been on the forefront of a mode referred to as no wave — music that got down to be as confrontational and radical in sound and efficiency as punk’s vogue and angle have been visually.
Contortions songs like “I Can’t Stand Myself” and “Throw Me Away” stuffed the rhythmic constructions of James Brown’s funk with angular, dissonant riffs, to be topped by Mr. Likelihood’s yelping, blurting, screaming vocals and his trilling, squawking alto saxophone. He was a reside wire onstage, along with his personal twitchy variations of strikes tailored from Brown, Mick Jagger and his punk contemporaries.
Though the Contortions typically carried out in fits and ties, their music and stage presence have been proudly abrasive. Within the band’s early days, Mr. Likelihood was so decided to get a response from arty, indifferent spectators that he would leap into the viewers and slap or kiss somebody. Viewers members typically fought again.
“I bought an enormous kick out of scary individuals, I don’t deny that,” Mr. Likelihood stated in a 2003 interview with Pitchfork.
Adele Bertei, who performed keyboards within the Contortions, stated: “It was a form of musical Brutalism. We actually wished to destroy concepts of artwork as elitist — and of punk as musically revolutionary, when it actually was nearly a three-chord development.”
Mr. Likelihood, she added, “was so singular in his musical imaginative and prescient, in his presence, in his will to smash all conformity into items, that he won’t ever be forgotten by anybody who skilled his music reside. It was form of insane, however form of sensible, the physicality of it.”
Mr. Likelihood was born James Siegfried on April 20, 1953, in Milwaukee. His father, Donald Siegfried, was the enterprise supervisor for a Wisconsin faculty district. His mom, Jean, taught elementary faculty; she survives him, alongside along with his brother, David, and his sisters Jill Siegfried and Mary (Randy) Koehler.
James Siegfried studied classical piano with nuns in his elementary faculty when he was 7 years outdated; it bored him. However when he was 11, a jazz instructor taught him to play requirements and stride piano. Throughout the late Sixties, he soaked up the period’s rock. He briefly attended Michigan State College, then returned to Milwaukee and studied jazz on the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music, the place he picked up the alto saxophone and began enjoying free jazz.
Late in 1975, he moved to New York Metropolis, drawn by reporting in The Village Voice in regards to the punk-rock incubator CBGB and the loft jazz scene. He frequented each.
“I went to jazz periods at locations just like the Tin Palace, which was a half a block from CBGB’s,” he instructed Glenn O’Brien in 2011. “However there was no overlap. No person who went to the Tin Palace would ever go to CBGB’s, or vice versa.”
He took classes from a loft jazz grasp, the tenor saxophonist David Murray, and began a jazz group, Flaming Youth. However he disliked the studious jazz viewers.
“He wished individuals to be dancing,” stated Sylvia Reed, a lifelong good friend who was briefly Mr. Likelihood’s supervisor. “He wished to tug individuals off the ground.”
He additionally quickly realized that “I wasn’t going to make it within the jazz scene,” Mr. Likelihood stated in 2011. “Too many guys might play sax higher than me.” He met Lydia Lunch, a pioneering no wave performer, at CBGB; shared his Decrease East Aspect residence along with her; and performed along with her band, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, for a lot of 1977. He began the Contortions after Ms. Lunch determined her band didn’t want a saxophone.
By then, he was performing as James Likelihood. “He wished a stage title that sounded prefer it might be an actual title, not a foolish punk title like Rotten,” David Siegfried stated. “He was additionally actually into movie noir, and it match with that.”
Mr. Siegfried added, “Behind that combative stage persona, James was reclusive, shy and softhearted.”
A free motion of boundary-defying musicians and visible artists coalesced as no wave with a collection of 5 live shows on the Soho gallery Artists Area in Might 1978. The collection was attended by Brian Eno, a producer who selected the Contortions and three different bands — Mars, DNA and Teenage Jesus and the Jerks — to share a compilation album that might endure as a doc of a pivotal creative second: “No New York.”
Mr. Likelihood discovered a catalyst in Anya Phillips, a dressmaker and photojournalist who grew to become his girlfriend and supervisor, selling the band and honing his theatricality as a frontman. The Contortions recurrently stuffed New York Metropolis golf equipment — largely Max’s Kansas Metropolis, which had an ongoing rivalry with CBGB.
“He was a chameleon,” Deborah Harry of Blondie, an occasional visitor singer with Mr. Likelihood, stated. “He might lure you in with being so cute and so jerky, with the entire downtown factor. However then he would do issues that have been actually very superior musically.”
The band bought a recording contract with Ze Data and in 1979 launched the album “Purchase,” which captured crisp studio variations of Mr. Likelihood’s songs. Extra raucous reside recordings can be launched after the early Contortions broke up.
Noisy because it appeared, the music was tautly constructed, as Mr. Likelihood defined to Pitchfork. “As an alternative of chord modifications, I wrote an element for every instrument, ranging from the bass and constructing it up from there. Interlocking rhythmic melodies. It’s very structured,” he stated. “Songs are literally all written out in charts.”
Michael Zilkha, the proprietor of Ze Data, prompted Mr. Likelihood to make a “disco file,” leaving it to Mr. Likelihood to determine what that meant. Mr. Likelihood was properly conscious of racial tensions between the largely white New York punk scene and Black-rooted jazz and disco; the Contortions made a degree of enjoying cowl variations of R&B songs of their units. Mr. Likelihood uncovered and challenged the racial divide, naming his disco challenge James White and the Blacks and titling the album “Off White,” additionally launched in 1979. Its songs included “White Savages,” “Nearly Black,” “White Satan” and “Bleached Black.”
Recorded by the Contortions band and company together with Ms. Lunch, a lot of the songs moved solely barely nearer to mainstream pop and dance music. However the group did rework a jagged Contortions music, “Contort Your self,” with a disco beat and authorized an prolonged remix.
The Contortions broke up in 1979 due to conflicts over cash and personalities. Mr. Likelihood had additionally developed a heroin dependancy that might have an effect on him for the remainder of his life. Former Contortions members went on to start out bands together with Bush Tetras, the Raybeats and eight Eyed Spy.
Mr. Likelihood shaped a brand new lineup of James White and the Blacks, that includes Black sidemen from the trombonist Joseph Bowie’s band Defunkt. It launched the album “Sax Maniac” in 1982; a unique lineup launched the album “Soften Your self Down” in 1986.
By the top of the Nineteen Eighties, Mr. Likelihood had grown disillusioned with the music enterprise, and his dependancy had additionally deepened. However in 2001, he reconciled with surviving Nineteen Seventies Contortions band members and returned to performing with them and different musicians. A French band that had been hurriedly convened for a competition efficiency stayed collectively to carry out and tour with him; they have been billed as James Likelihood and Les Contortions they usually launched the complete album “Incorrigible!” in 2012.
Ms. Reed stated that Mr. Likelihood had additionally recorded a trove of solo piano music that will finally be launched.
Mr. Likelihood gave his final reside performances in 2019. In 2018, youthful admirers of his punk funk introduced him to a nationwide viewers when the Scottish band Franz Ferdinand added him as a shock visitor on “The Late Present with Stephen Colbert.”
Mr. Likelihood performed a jabbing, dissonant, squealing alto sax solo, delivering it with a signature James Brown transfer: a drop to his knees.
In liner notes to a 2010 compilation, “Twist Your Soul,” Mr. Likelihood wrote, “Our music was rather more than a mere artwork assertion or a car to appreciate mass-produced fantasies of movie star — we lived it. Fame, fortune and the long run have been irrelevant. We might have been self-absorbed, however we have been bent on pushing our music and our lives to the furthest restrict we might conceive of.”
